Measurements

-no measurement is exact, but there is an estimate of the measurement
-When measuring, at least measure 3 times and calculate the average from the 3 or more
-absolute uncertainty is the largest difference between the average and the lowest and highest reasonable measurement
-biggest difference and smallest difference is usually shown with a positive sign on top and a negative sign on the bottom (±)
Ex. 35.3 ± 0.2, either 35.1 or 35.5
Ex2. 29.95 ± 0.002, either 29.97 or 29.93

Measuring Device Smallest division Measurement nearest Uncertainty  
Ruler                              0.1                     0.01cm                    0.01cm  
Thermometer                      1°C                      0.1°                   0.1°  
100ml graduated cylinder      1ml                         0.1ml                   0.1ml  
400ml beaker                       50ml                            5ml                    5ml

Relative uncertainty=absolute uncertainty/estimated measurement